F. CHEMICAL, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: The technology used to produce chemical and biological weapons is inherently dual-use. The same technologies that could be applied to develop and produce chemical and biological weapons are used widely by civilian research laboratories and industry; these technologies are relatively common in many countries. Advanced biotechnology has the potential to support biological weapons research. In the biological area, look for interest in technologies associated with:

-- Aerobiology (study of microorganisms found in the air or in aerosol form)

-- Biochemistry

-- Pharmacology

-- Immunology

-- Virology

-- Bacteriology

-- Mycology

-- Microbiology

-- Growth and culturing of microorganisms

-- Pathology (study of diseases)

-- Toxicology

-- Study of toxins

-- Virulence factors

-- Genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology

-- Identification of nucleic acid sequences associated with pathogenecity

-- Freeze-drying (lyophilization)

-- Fermentation technology

-- Cross-filtration equipment

-- High "DOP-rated filters" (e.g., HEPA filters, ULPA filters)

-- Microencapsulation

-- Aerosol sprayers and technology, aerosol and aerosolization technology

-- Spray or drum drying technology

-- Milling equipment or technology intended for the production of micron-sized particles

-- Technology for eliminating electrostatic charges of small particles

-- Flight training

-- Crop-dusting, aerosol dissemination

-- Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology

-- Fuses, detonators, and other munitions technology

-- Submunitions technology

-- Computer modeling of dissemination or contagion

-- Chemical absorption (nuclear-biological-chemical (NBC) protection)

In the chemical area, look for:

-- Organo-phosphate chemistry

-- Neurochemistry

-- Chemical engineering

-- Chemical separation technology

-- Pesticide production technology

-- Pharmaceutical production technology

-- Chemical separation technology

-- Toxicology

-- Pharmacology

-- Neurology

-- Immunology

-- Detection of toxic chemical aerosols

-- Chemical absorption (Nuclear-Biological-Chemical (NBC) protection)

-- Production of glass-lined steel reactors/vessels, pipes,flanges, and other equipment

-- Aerosol sprayers and technology

-- Flight training

-- Crop-dusting, aerosol dissemination

-- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology

-- Fuses, detonators, and other munitions technology

-- Submunitions technology

-- Computer modeling of dissemination

G. REMOTE SENSING, IMAGING AND RECONNAISSANCE: Satellite and aircraft remote sensing technologies are inherently dual-use; increasingly sophisticated technologies can be used for civilian imagery projects or for military and

intelligence reconnaissance activities. Drones and remotely piloted vehicles also augment satellite capabilities. Key-word associated technologies are:

-- Remote sensing satellites

-- High resolution multi-spectral, electro-optical and radar/data/imagery

-- Imagery instruments, cameras, optics, and synthetic aperture radar systems

-- Ground receiving stations and data/image processing systems

-- Photogrammetry

-- Imagery data and information products

-- Piloted aircraft

-- Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV)

-- Remotely-piloted vehicles; and drones